Mechanical drier.



Fig. 1.

PATENTED MAY 26", 1908.

w. M. Q'UM BR. MECHANICAL DRIER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INYENIOIL iamMfiummm BY ATT-Ii PATENTED MAY 26, 1908.

W. M. GUMMBR. MECHANICAL DRIER. APPLIOATIOB FILED SEPT. 4, 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEBT 2.

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MECHANICAL DRIER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 26, I908.

Application filed. September t, 1907. Serial No. 391,391.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, WILLIAM M. CUMMER,

acitizen of'the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and Stateof Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanical Driers, and do declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,

which will enable others skilled in the'art to which it appertains to make and use the same. p

My invention relates tomechanical driers having rotatable drying cylinders and passage-ways for the products of combustion cading devices as related to said guards. Fig.

3 is a longitudinal section of the front portion of the cylinder on the line of'one of the air inlet ducts or chamber. Figs. 4 and 5 are enlargedcross and longitudinal sections re s ectively, of a modification of the air inlet 0 Iamber, and Fig. 6 is a cross section of still another modification of said chamber as hereinafter fully described.

The main object of my invention is to provide a mechanical drier wherein a current of heated air is freely and fully circulated throughout the length and diameterof the drying cylinder, and wherein thematerial to be dried is caused to repeatedly fall through the air currents passing through the cylinder. As a condition to making a drier of this nature practically and commercially operative it mustbe so constructed as to render it' im ossible for material to actually spill or lear out "of the peripheral openings of the cylinder. This applies to all grades of materialwhether' of'an elastic. nature which may be inclined to bound out through the periph eral openings, ormaterial 'of an adhesive or sticky nature,"which will'bind or cling to the interior of the shell or cylinder, from whence it is liable to drop at any ti'ineiiso thatprecaution must be taken a ainstsnch rnaterials coming into actual contact with a sur- Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross would be apt to dro out through the opening. Then again, tlie method empleyed is commercially and practically inoperative if it causes a positive obstruction to the travel of the material along the length of the 'c'yline der, such as would be the case if a form of draft inlet were adopted which would be 'more or less continuous around the entire shell of the cylinder and thus obstruct the travel of the material. For example, it is not unusual to have a single drier used for as many as three different kinds of material, such as sand, stone, and clay. The sand -with its characteristic quality to flow out of any opening or aperture, the stone with its elasticity to bound through any opening or aperture, and the clay with its tendency to adhere to any surface with which it may come in contact. Each of these three mate rials present three diiferent conditions which must be taken care of bya drier claiming Then again, material shou d, as far as possible, be kept out of any real ractical merit.

opening or aperture that does not form an actual part of the cascading and tumbling portion of the cylinder, for the reason that,

the action of the material tumbling and ass cading keeps surfaces clean that it falls and. 825: 1,

rolls upon, whereas material allowed to accumulate In the actual air chambers is deprived of the benefit of the cascading material as acleaning agency. So the aim is that when I pieces or lumps get through an air inlet to make proper to have any shield facing anair-hole so constructed that the bulk of niaterial willb'e compelled to roll over it in constant agitation to cleanse it from the slow accumulation of deposit.

,Having reference now to the particulars of construction which makes my invention practical, Urepresents the cylinder which,

in this instance,'has a continuous shell or wall broken only by series of holes or openprovision for their return, and.

ings c of'any desired shape adapted to pass-- roducts of combustion through them fromvv l'urnace F to the interior. thereof, wheresaid 1 products serve as a drying medium in a manner now well known'in this art. The said openings are disposedin straight lines,'-in

this instance, but they may run spirally-if preferred, and a walled chamber or duct-=D, preferably rectangular in cross section-,'-is

built 11 on the inner side of the cylinder over each 0 the several series of openings and at minimum elevation so as to leave the interior of the cylinder as free from obstruction as I through which the products of combustion pass into the so-called pocket or space 4' etween two given inlet openings 0 and their corresponding walls-2 and thence into cylinder 0- through slot or opening 5 in what may be regarded as therear side-of said pocket, viewed from the direction of rotation.- The opposite side and top of duct or channel D is closed tight the full length thereof. In a sense this construction forms a box over or about each opening a which constitutes a receiving or entering chamber through which the roducts of combustion pass first int'o pocliet 4 and thence through slot 5- into the cylinder, making a staggered draft passage that safe-gu ards the material against escape.-

Fig. 6 illustrates a modification of the invention in that channel D has outlets -'S into the cylinder directly op osite inlet 0 in the rear side wall of said 0 annel or duct. This construction necessitates s ecial guards of its own over holes 8'," an 'such guards are provided in or by lates 9 and 10,- pro ected respective y from opposite directions and overlapping each other with a free draft space between. Plate 9 is fixed above over hole 8-, 'while plate l0 is fixed to the cylinder and extends in a sheltering relation inward toward the fixed edge of plate 9. This in efiect is the equivalent of the construction shown in Figs. 2 and 5. These constructions lead up to another important advantage obtained by this construction over the prior art familiar to me, which is the discharge of the products of combustion directly at or near the inner periphery,

of the cylinder where the enter and permeate the material and promote drying in a manner impossible when the draft ducts or devices extend far into the interior of'the cylinder and discharge over the material where the suction fan draws them ofi before they have done their work. My construction is such that although the material is beingcascaded and tumbled about and over the draft inlets there is no ossibility of leak-' age and hence no waste 0 material on this account and the drying agent reaches the material in all portions of the cylinder andis diffused amidst the same. When blades G and H are in the lower position during the rotation of the cylinder they actas guards to prevent the falling and cascading material from flowing into, or

closing up the draft openings -5. When 'past the center of rotation on the ascending side they become lifting or cascading blades, the material first being carried by blade G till such a point of rotation is reached that it rolls off onto blade H and, possibly, more or less falling intopocket 4 through slot -5. Meanwhile, during the continuance, of rotation ofthe cylinder, blade H comes into action as a lift blade, carrying the n1ate-. rial up to a point where it will be cascaded. This point is determined at will, according to the inclination given to blades H. A different inclination is necessary for some materials. than for others. Byreason of this relativity of inclination of blades I can cause the material to be cascaded more effectively across the area of the cylinder without incurring the possibility ofoarrying some of the material around before cascading, and thus depriving this portion of the material of a roper amount of exposure through the c-ircu atmg air.

The construction shown in Fig. 5 provides practically two separate chambers in communication with each other, the immediate inlet space about or over 0 ening 0 constituting an inlet chamber-am the chamber 4 next thereto an outlet chamber into the cylinder, and the two together constitute the draft passage for theproducts of combustion into the cylinder. Any suitable guards for the material may be employed with this construction,- but those- "shown serve the pur ose.

T i e setting of the drier cylinder likewise contains novel features of construction in that the draft passage from the furnace is provided with an arch or covering N provided with one or more damper controlled inlets 15 through said arch and having the cylinder chamber over the arch subdivided between its ends, or approximately at its middle in this instance by a cross wall 16, closely surrounding the cylinder and forming a separate chamberas to which the tem perature and volume of heat admitted can be perfectly controlled. Fresh air openings 18- are also provided. The entire front end of the cylinder is thus placed under separate temperature control. Obviously, any material working into pockets through openings 15 will be trapped in said pockets and be thrown back into the cylinder through said opening when the cylinder has turned far .enough forward.

The within construction of drying cylinder is. in'a sense also a drying screen in that the products of combustion are discharged into the cylinder at its surface practically as wouldoccur in a perforated screen and all the interior area or space is utilized for drying purposes, in contradistinction to a construction in which the roducts of combustion discharge practica y into the center of openings through the we 1 thereof and walled channels over said openings closed over the top and one side and open to the interior of the cylinder on the other side in position to (lisclharge at the inner side of the cylinder wal 3. A drying cylinder having draft openings running in series between its ends, and walls about said openings inside the cylinder having inlets'to the cylinder at right angles to'the openings therein and immediately at the in. ner surface thereof, whereby an indirect draft passage is afforded adapted to discharge at.

the surface of the cylinder.

i. A drying cylinder circular in cross section and provided with openings in series lengthwise through its wall, and covered draft channels over said openings provided with draft pockets between adjacent open- 1ngs.- e

5. A-drying cylinder circular in cross section and having draft inlet openings, and a covered draft channel inside over said openings having sub-dividing cross walls at intervals provided with draft holes.

6. A drying cylinder having draftopenings in series lengthwise and a walled channel over eachseries subdivided into inlet and outlet chambers side by side lengthwise of the cylinder.

7. A drying cylinder having draft openings through the same, a walled channel over said openings provided with inlet chambers havmg side openings and outlet chambers having outlet openings at right angles to said side openings. I

8. A drying cylinder having draft openings in succession front to rear through its side, in combination Wltll' a cover inside over said openings co-extensive therewith and having a draft channel through the same for each opening comprising two' chambers 0 en to each other and to the interior of the cy inder.

9. A. drying cylinder having draft openings through the same between its'ends and a plurality of draft chambers throughwhich said o enings communicate with the interior of t e cylinder, and guards for said chambers.

10. A drying cylinder having draft open-- ings through the same in series lengthwise and a plurality of chambers forming a draft passage for each opening into the cylinder,

the said chambers having an inlet to the cylinder at the inner surface thereof, and guards for said inlet. I

11. A drying cylinder having draft openings through the wall thereof in series, a sub 'stantially rectangular channel in crdss sec tion over said openings inside and provided with draft holes in its rear wall next to the surface of the cylinder anda plurality of guard plates to protect said holes.

12. drying cylinder having draft openings in series, a walled'chamber over each series sub-divided into inlet and outlet chambers successively, a guard plate mounted on said channel wall and another guard plate mounted on said cylinder.

1.3. In a drying cylinder, inlet 0 enings through the wall thereof and guards or said openings set apart from the surface of the cylinder to provide a way of escape for material beneath said guards back into the cylinder.

14. A of draft openings through the wall thereof, and covers therefor having openings at an angle to the openings through said wall and adapted to discharge in a plane substantially parallel to said wall and immediately over the same.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

] WILLIAM M. CUMMER.

Witnesses:

" -'E.' M. FISHER, .T. C. MUSSUN.

drying cylinder having a succession 

